Body II for RW

              The second section will introduce the actual program to develop leadership and recommend the suitable environment for leadership education. There is a leadership developing program called “The Ohio 4-H Teen Community Leadership College” in the United States. It was originally the program for adult to develop family leadership, “the Ohio State University’s Family Community Leadership Program.” Through this program, the participants showed developed ability and understanding. Main five purposes of this program are (1) to give trainings of “communication, leadership, conflict management, decision making, time management, and leadership styles,” (2) to encourage their potential ability and make them realize the responsibility as the social member, (3) to make them independent thinkers with self-confident enough to possess authority, (4) to make them active participants in the community, (5) to improve their volunteer ethic by serving as the ambassadors for 4-H youth development program. This program is based on the understanding that there are diverse leadership depends on the situations. Political leaders are required intelligence, confidence and communication skills to attract audience. Otherwise, school leaders are required kindness, communication and conflict management skills. Every situation needs appropriate leadership. This program is to develop “community leadership”, which can be “any community.” Thus community leadership is the basic leadership to lead any community at school level or even at family level. The results were taken by self-evaluation for participants’ changes in leadership skills; communication, conflict management, decision making, awareness of responsibility, self-confidence and initiative. The significant changes are found especially in “collaboration skill” and the lowest was “initiative.” The conclusion is this program has positive effects on participants’ perception of leadership. Thus this kind of leadership education will be effective.

              To make the education more successful, the recommended environment is “democratic community or society.” The positive work of democracy is freedom of possessing individual identity and acting as individual identity. The freedom is built upon the basic equality as human. In this environment, people can excel their potential. Under the equal situation, people can act according to their thought. How to make this is distribution of internal authority. Central authority means one person has bigger power than others and it is not everyone is equal because of its property. The hierarchy makes communication merely the conversation, will be the obstacle to make decision, and what is worse is conflict will not be a “conflict.” The communication upon different hierarchy of people will not be the mutual understanding because people at higher position possess the important information, and also will have sense of superiority because of his position. In the decision-making, it will be also the obstacle because people with power will have the almost all right to decide the things. Same will occur in conflict because the “strong opinion from strong people in society” will overcome the other opinion. Since people at higher position have right to decide, there should not be the conflict, the difference in opinion. To make the best environment to develop leadership skills, the internal equality should be maintained.